Driving in Europe: the rules of the road worth knowing

Every country is a little different

One of the joys of a European road trip is how quickly you can cross from one country to another. One of the challenges is that driving rules, signs and habits change at each border. The broad principles are similar across the continent, but details such as speed limits, alcohol limits and required equipment vary, so it is always worth checking the official guidance for each country on your route before you set off.

This overview covers the general themes rather than country-specific figures, which can change and are best confirmed from an official source.

Speed, alcohol and phones

Speed limits are usually signposted in kilometres per hour and typically differ between towns, rural roads and motorways. In many countries, limits also drop in wet weather or for less experienced drivers. Speed cameras are common, and fines can follow you home through cross-border enforcement arrangements.

Legal alcohol limits for drivers are generally lower in Europe than many visitors assume, and in some countries they are effectively zero, particularly for new drivers. The simplest rule is not to drink at all if you are driving. Using a handheld phone while driving is prohibited across Europe.

Priority, roundabouts and city zones

Priority rules can catch visitors out. In some countries, traffic coming from the right has priority at unmarked junctions, even on what looks like a main road. Learn the signs that indicate you are on a priority road, and approach junctions in villages with care.

On roundabouts, traffic already on the roundabout usually has priority, but there are local variations. Many cities have low-emission zones or restricted traffic areas in their historic centres, which may require a sticker, registration or simply not driving in at all. Signs are often in the local language, so look them up before you go. Rental cars may or may not be registered for these zones, so ask at pick-up.

Equipment and documents

Several countries require cars to carry items such as a warning triangle, reflective vests, a first-aid kit or spare bulbs, and some require winter tyres or snow chains in certain conditions. Rental cars should come with the legally required kit for the country of rental, but if you are crossing borders, check that it meets the rules of every country you will drive through.

Always carry your driving licence, ID, rental documents and insurance papers. If you are stopped, being able to produce everything promptly makes the experience much smoother.

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